In colorimetry, the quantification of color is based on the three-component theory of color vision, which states that the human eye possesses receptors for three primary colors (red, green, and blue) and that all colors are seen as mixtures of these primaries. While the term colorimetry often is used in a general sense to mean color measurement, it differs from spectrophotometry, a related but distinct method of color measurement. Colorimetric instruments provide a set of standardized conditions that help assure consistency and repeatability. Unfortunately, human color perception varies widely and is affected by illumination, sample size, surrounding color, and the angle of observation. When plastic automotive trim produced on one continent must match a painted metal finish applied on another, for example, an objective and precise description of color becomes an absolute necessity. The use and importance of colorimetry has grown in unison with the increase of global manufacturing and processing.
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